Dolphin does not have a UI that can detect/manage installed texture packs. Uses less disk space than a resource pack. Must be manually installed by copying the folder into the correct location. All textures are contained within a folder named after the Game ID. Dolphin can not manage installed texture packs, but it can manage resource packs. The main difference is that 'texture packs' must be manually installed, and 'resource packs' can be installed and managed via the Resource Pack Manager within Dolphin.
At the moment there isn't much of a difference between texture packs and resource packs a resource pack essentially installs a texture pack and includes a few extra files that allows Dolphin to manage it. You NEVER have to use a texture pack and resource pack together if a texture pack author provides both, pick one or the other.